SEGMENTAL NEUROPATHY
CONTENTS
Preface to the web second edition
Dedication
Acknowledgements
The Science of Chiropractic
The Subluxation — a symptom of Neural Dysfunction
Sequential Development of the Neuropathy
Segmental Neuropathy of Thermal Regulation
Modes of Heat Transfer
Zones of Vasomotor Control
Sensory Control
Central Control
Vascular Innervations – Constriction
Vascular Innervation – Dilatation
Thermal Gradient
Segmental Neuropathy of Kinesiology
Posture
Subluxation
Timing
Reflexes
Quality of the Nerve Impulse
Conclusion
References
Appendix I. Dr. Andy Petersen Talks
Appendix II. Newsletter – Synchro-Therme
Appendix III. Interview with H.M. Himes
Appendix IV. Neurology of Segmental Control by R.J. Watkins
Appendix V. Temperature Regulation by R.J. Watkins
Appendix VI. Spinal Kinesiology by R.J. Watkins
Appendix VII. Vasodilation Neurology R.J. Watkins
Appendix VIII. Viscero-Cutaneo-Vascular Reflex and it Clinical Significance By Tachio Ishikawa
Viscero-Cutaneo-Vascular Reflex and its Clinical Significance
Tachio Ishikawa
Appendix VIII
These brief excerpts from the little-known work of Ishikawa shed light on the sub-title of the Segmental Neuropathy text: “The First Evidence of Developing Pathology.”
Department of Pathology, School of Medicine
University of Kanazawa, Japan
Reprinted from annual report of The Research Institute of Tuberculosis
Kanazawa University Vol. XVIII, No.1, 1960
When an abnormal stimulus from a visceral disease is carried to the posterior root of the spinal cord, a so-called MacKenzie’s irritable focus is established in this area. Accordingly, a variety of reflex responses appear in those respective dermatomes. They are as follows: a) sensory abnormalities, e.g. hyperesthesia, or tenderness, b) motor abnormalities, e.g. muscular spasm or rigidity, c) secretory abnormalities, e.g. abnormal sweating, b) metabolic abnormalities, e.g. parietal atrophy in chronic diseases (Fig. 1).
These reflex responses are perplexing and complicated, but have been studied in detail as a referred reflex.
In addition, we would like to add to this category the newly discovered cutaneous vasomotor reflex (cutaneovascular reflex). When a visceral stimulus is projected to the subcutaneous arteriole in the corresponding dermatome, some neural vasomotor disturbances are to be resulted. As the subcutaneous arteriole represents the typical end-artery, the insufficient circulation of the blood causes the exudative changes due to the impaired permeability of the capillaries and the bionecrotic changes due to the defective nutrition in the delta-form area nourished by the involved artery.
…These cutaneous reflex points have not been noticed by anyone for the following two reasons: firstly, there have been no adequate measuring machine devised; secondly, the cutaneous reflex points are only 0.5mm in diameter and have been neglected.
…As already described, the cutaneous reflex points are due to the neural disturbance of the blood circulation in the subcutaneous arterioles, some of which are visible papules, but most of which are only microscopically recognizable exudative changes. It is proved by the microscopic examination of the reflex points in the excised skin. It is traced as one of the exudative processes by summarizing the findings of the cutaneous reflex points. This figure (Fig. 21) presents the variations.
…Before the microscopic changes appear, however, the cutaneous reflex points manifest the changes in the electrophysiological nature through the exudative mechanism. Our electrodermatograph is able to disclose these changes and the cutaneous reflex points before the microscopic examination.
…The correlation between the sympathetic sensation and the corresponding dermatomes will be described in the liver and heart.
First, the hepato-parietal reflex will be depicted. As the so-called sympathetic sensation of the liver belongs to Th 3-10 (esp. Th. 6-8), the reflex is to be projected to the paries corresponding to the same. (Fig. 25) The determination of the dermatomes in the cutaneovascular reflex resulted in Fig. 26, summarizing the distribution of the frequencies. This figure is identical with the Head’s hyperalgesic zones in the liver diseases (including the billiary duct) in Fig. 27; While the Head’s zone represents a belt-like area, our reflex takes a form of point. The reflex points are anatomically concentrated in a certain area even within a dermatome.
…The cardio-parietal reflex will be explained in brief here. As the so-called sympathetic sensation of the heart belongs to C 7 to Th 7 (esp. Th 1-5) (Fig. 39), the reflex points are established in these respective dermatomes.
…Therefore, it may be concluded that heart disease can be detected with higher incidence and at the earlier stage by the use of electrodermatography rather than by electrocardiography. The liver diseases are detected more readily by electrodermatography compared with other liver function tests.
…While the visceral disease is projected to the skin as a viscero-cutaneous reflex, the stimulus on the skin is projected into the organ as a cutaneo-visceral reflex. The former gives a base for the diagnosis, and the latter for the therapy. In relationship of the reflexes between the organ and the skin, our cutaneous reflex points are diagnostic and at the same time therapeutic.
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